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The
hindsight review
THE HINDSIGHT REVIEW The hindsight review was written because the discussions in the chapters 1 to 5 are not easy accessible for the unprepared reader. The whole array of topics was like navigating a ship in fog to a harbour in shallow waters. The point is that the author had only a vague clue, were it all was leading to. Here it is tried to make some sense of the results in a more orderly fashion. Nothing is more pleasant than to point a finger to the flaws, the erroneous way of thinking of the physicists of the twentieth century. Although one has to keep in mind that without the new knowledge or ideas of the pyramid theory these discrepancies never could have been explained that simple. Now it is possible to state that the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen-paradox stood not only in the way to unify the principles of quantum mechanics and those of GRT, but it is impossible to come to unification without understanding the paradox completely. The flaws in the ideas of the physicists of the20th century can be understood by a proper explanation of the EPR-paradox. Two things are absolutely correct; GRT as a mathematic procedure for the behaviour of matter in all its qualifications, where in the four dimensions of space and time the velocity of light is the absolute measure to relate any system of inertia. The other correct procedure are the properties of properties of quantum mechanics based on Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle. The flaw of GRT is that it cannot describe the behaviour of matter in absolute rest. It is not a theory to derive the rest masses of the atoms and how rest mass comes about. The world at rest cannot be understood through the application of GRT on all phenomena in nature, for the main reason that inertia is contracted in matter or the atoms themselves. This is apparently wrong, because the enviroment, empty space surrounding matter does not have any function in GRT. None at all. However the quantum mechanic experiments during the 20Th century pointed to some energy properties of empty space, but not clearly enough. All the refined experiments to prove or disprove Bell’s theorem also pointed to some wrongness in the concept of relativity but one could not clearly discriminate. Funny enough, a magician pulling a rabbit from a hat, Newton’s principle of mechanics, is the one to resolve and to understand the EPR-paradox. If GRT put all mass energy in the particle itself, then with Newton’s laws it is possible to put all energy of the particle in its environment, vacuum. The rest mass or the mass energy of the atoms is contained in the properties of empty space, even more accurate of three dimensional empty space. Being it in the absolute sense, the spatial 3D-world of Newton, independent of time, maintains the rest mass or inertia of all matter and generates all its quantum properties. The quantum mechanics properties of one atom are carried every where instantaneously up to the 3D-infinity. Making such a sweeping statement requires an enormous precision in the relation of the distances between all the atoms in a universe. It can only be that way if time is absolute. Provided time is absolute for 3D-space then the information can be carried instantaneously to the 3D-infinity. So to understand the laws of rest mass, it should be suffice to use the Cartesian coordinate system, which is independent of time. This is in absolute disagreement with GRT, but the last is not based on quantum mechanic principles. To summarize the quantum mechanic accuracy in maintaining the 3D-properties of space around matter, one calculates the inversely scaled Compton length, or the radius of the event horizon of the atom λi = λ /√N and Hubble’s distance RH , where RH = √N λ and λ is the generalized Compton length of the neutral assembly or atom. N is the number of atoms in the universe. The inverse Compton length is much smaller than the Planck length. So the ratio between RH and λi is a measure for the quantum accuracy of 3D-space, which is absolutely astonishing. This accuracy is the reason why absolute time and the single 3D-space can exist and it is the base for the understanding of the EPR-paradox, where quantum gravity also generates the principles of GRT. The other strange aspect of the absoluteness of 3D-space is the absolute accuracy of Newton’s law of gravity. All matter can be embraced in a moment of time and added together, it determines gravity in the universe, but consequently all matter is contracted to a single point, a point in 3D-space. This demonstrates the consequences of absolute time. One can not be without the other. What aspect is not mentioned in the picture above with respect to GRT? The situation that all matter is at rest; nothing moves, all is frozen in time. With the trigger word of ´´rest``, the following question is, how can a free particle be at rest in absolute space, when it is subjected to gravity, which reaches every corner up to 3D-infinity? And of course, the answer one finds in chapter 2 with the aid of simple calculations of the scaling exercise. The world of matter can stay at rest, if the force of gravity generated in each atom and exercising attraction to its nearly infinite neighbours, is balanced by out ward going quanta parcels of momentum, which acts as a reaction to gravity in an exchange of quanta. So one arrives at a force equilibrium, in which a time delay expressed in the generalized Compton length of the atom, is the exchange in quantum response between gravity as action and inertia generated by the environment of empty space as reaction. Let us point out here, that although the exercise of scaling in chapter 2 comes in the end to the same conclusion, it started of in the wrong direction. First a consideration of an overall balance of force and later it was discovered that the force equilibrium should be applied to each atom individually and naturally a great jump in the right direction, but it confuses the reading. Then the other confusion followed, in which the vector behaviour of Hubble’s distance was the issue, which followed from the comparison of the energy balance between a cosmology of one universe based on GRT and the one of two universes under the constrained of equilibrium of force. To understand the balance of force between gravity and inertia generated by quanta of outward directed momentum of empty space, or Einstein’s gravitons in later chapters, one has to introduce symmetry. Symmetry that is not only in 3D-space but even in absolute time and also in the properties of matter. In short the laws of symmetry determine matter and anti-matter, giving another3D-space and anti-time. The explanation of all of these terms is not discussed here. Suffice it is to summarize that a world of mirrored properties can maintain the exchange of quantum force, saving the equilibrium condition. Keep in mind that the gravity of anti-matter has to be represented by Einstein’s gravitons of opposite stochastic precession, in which the effects can not be observed in the traditional experiments if one wants to compare both kinds of matter. Thus the anti-universe is a must, a condition, to explain the world of absolute rest. Without this hypothesis, confirmed in the existence of Hubble’s acceleration constant the whole pyramid theory collapses. Naturally it is not easy to understand, the pulling of universes, of which the pulling should be a reaction to the gravity generated by the matter confining the universes. On the other hand the mechanism of quantum exchange through empty space, more or less automatically let one arrive at the idea of expanding empty space. Around each atom the quanta of energy are generated due to the outward acceleration, which help to expand space up to infinity if all these quanta are summed together, because the expansion can happen beyond the sphere of maintaining the equilibrium to gravity. The conversion of these quanta into a string of time, because gravity is the driving mechanism behind it, is not explained too much and discussed extensively in for example, the translation of Newton’s law of gravity into Einstein’s gravitons. In the translation of Newton’s law the following ideas are discussed, which are not repeated here: The last topic in this hindsight review is the subject of the validity of the scaling for event horizons, which left some question marks in the dedicated section of this topic, chapter 5. The concept of the event horizon scaling comes into being by the mirror mass condition for Einstein’s gravitons. Note it may be possible that the astronomic observations indicate flatness of the universe, but it can not be in the observations of the cosmic background radiation. However in the derivation here the theory makes it clear that this is impossible, except due to secondary processes not considered here, the flatness could be explained. The flatness and the rotation of the expanding universe, discussed earlier, was a thinking error, because an over-enthusiastic young student did not always know what he was doing.
top THE TRANSLATION OF NEWTON’S LAW OF GRAVITY INTO EINSTEIN GRAVITONS The translation of Newton’s law of gravity into quanta of empty space, gravitons or energy parcels of empty space is simple enough. Although a mathematical representation of Newton’s law based on the principles of general relativity and quantum mechanics is most likely more complex and it is left to the next generation of physicists. The definition of the graviton as a quantum of energy of empty space is based on the definition in the relative acceleration constant of chapter 2. The travelled distance of a point under constant acceleration in absolute 3D-space is a measure for the probability wave length of the accelerated point of empty space. This tool to manipulate empty space is very crude, for the graviton is a plane wave of probability in the direction of the acceleration. It has unknown polarity and principally it does not seem to propagate, like an electro magnetic wave, because it is subjected to the simultaneous condition. Since according to the scaling exercise in chapter 2, everything is interconnected in our cosmos and in the absolute sense the mass distribution of all matter in terms of gravity is determined every where independent of time (All changes of matter due to gravity are slow in respect to the quantum gravity mechanism of empty space). Although the graviton is a quantum of energy and may have a spin number of two as derived in the g-spin and precession of the generalized Compton length, it is not yet known how to use this information in the translation of Newton’s law of gravity. This law as a reminder is absolute and of point like nature, due to the hypothesis of the force equilibrium to the anti-universe and the simultaneously condition. The 3D-world of the distribution of gravitons is a snap shot in time, a moment in time of every thing frozen. Imagine, that every point of matter (system of matter) having kinetic velocity, representing momentum, is translated with all other Newton’s laws into forces, of which the acceleration as a momentary constant translates as the potential of a travelled distance, which translates as the distribution of gravitons everywhere. In this manner one can count the gravitons and its distribution in the still picture of the 3D-world. Further note that the graviton according to its definition follows exactly Einstein’s principle of equivalence between gravity and acceleration. Only here it is applied in the sense of quantum mechanics. So one can give the gravitons a name. Namely Einstein gravitons are plane probability waves of point like energy quanta of empty space. Then let us consider a lump of matter, which absorbs gravitons, generated every where in and around this lump. Even if it is virtual it resides inside the lump of matter and all gravitons arrive simultaneously at a virtual event horizon, which follows the expression for the event horizon according to GRT. g(R) R² = G ME ,which contracts in: gE λE² = G ME This is the force equilibrium condition of radius λE, where ME is the mass of Earth as an example. λE is the linear accelerated length representing the probability wavelength mE = h /( λE c). mE is the graviton mass of the fastest plane wave acceleration that the mass ME can generate (absorb). Earth absorbs at the minimum NE = ME / mE gravitons simultaneously over an interval of c / λE . This expression directly converts in the mirror mass condition: So Newton’s law gives radial g-dependence (force of gravity), which can be expressed into gravitons of certain magnitude for a radius R. The conversion of Newton’s law is simple, as one can use the result of the square root rule for radial dependence in chapter 2. Here the number of gravitons n(R) is dependent of the radius from the gravity generating (absorbing) centre. The gravity acceleration g(R) is constant at each radius R , for the product g(R) R² = constant. Then g(R) scales inverse proportional to the number of gravitons n(R). (gE / n(R)) n(R) λE² = G ME with g(R) = gE / n(R) = m(R) c³ / 2h Knowing m(R) then this can be converted in a linear constant of acceleration defined by; Rlinear = Rl = h / (m(R) c) . Or the quantum wave function complies to g(R) Rl = ½ c² . Now Rl = n(R) λE . n(R) is proportional to λE and not as in R = (√ n(R)) λE , following the square root rule. This is important to realize. Elimination of g(R) by using the linear definition, transforms Newton’s law into: By substitution of n(R) in relation(1) one has the an equality at both sides of the equality sign: n(R) λE ² = λE² n(R) Now read for R a variable y and for Rl a variable x , then there exists a parabolic behaviour between R and Rl , where λE is the curvature constant of the parabola. What is the meaning of relation (1)? It tells us how the linear gravitons are converted in two dimensional gravitons of spherical surface symmetry of magnitude g(R) . In other words the linear gravitons are parked around the centre of gravity and parked in a two dimensional surface. The escape velocity of the graviton at R is reduced with respect to Rl : v²(R) / c² = R / Rl or v²(R) = c² / √ n(R) However also keep in mind that the longer Rl is, the lower the energy is for the entanglement. This could explain why the energy of the surface gravitons has the tendency to attenuate to 3D-infinity maintaining the expansion or transfer of energy beyond the equilibrium radius Req. The boundary conditions for relation (1) are: The condition of the simultaneous arrival of the gravitons at each radius R invites to guess the time behaviour of these quanta of empty space. At the most contracted radius R = λE , the event horizon, one can state the hypothesis for the stochastic representation of the linear gravitons. Meaning Einstein’s equivalent principle is completely incorporated in the quantum mechanic definition for the linear acceleration of quanta. In a snap shot in time bunch all gravitons NE of energy mE in a straight flux tube (simultaneous arrival). The direction of all the gravitons is the same. (head to tail ordering or north to south) Since the gravitons represent the acceleration force to the mass ME , the linear gravitons start the precession. After an acceleration of a displacement ½λE the displacement for the precession is ½√3 λE . This means that the cycle frequency is λE / c times a factor 1/3!!. Because the graviton has spin 2 and the displacement is the lowest quantum number of 60 degrees. (not for example 180 ± 60, 360 + 60 degrees as it is not known how fast the precession can be. So one sticks to a displacement of minimal 60 for the precession with respect to the linear displacement.) According to the quantum mechanic principles the gravitons tunnel randomly from the horizon radius into the precessing flux tube, of which the tip end never reaches the c-velocity. Thus this explains the localized spherical surface and consequently simultaneously tunnelling to time in a chaotic way. This most ingenious behaviour of the gravitons is shown in the pyramid model for the rotors of the universes. The stochastic representation of the linear accelerated gravitons under precession is much more to the point as the infinity transformation described in the infinity transformation of our reality to time and vice versa., but nevertheless it is a infinity transformation(non linear), because simultaneous 3D-space is converted into time. However there is a second way to present the chaotic representation of the spherical surface to time. This is the randomized way of the direction of the rotation axes of precession for each of the linear gravitons. This is in contradiction, because it means that the gravitons could execute both clock wise and anti-clock wise precession, e.a. in equal amounts. There seems no purpose to such a mechanism is nature. With this result clearly in mind, it is not so difficult to imagine that the Einstein gravitons execute the opposite precession for anti-matter. Now it is understood why there should be a separate absolute 3D-space for anti-matter. It makes the translation of Newton’s law of gravity not any longer trivial!! The next step is to transpose the above described procedure of the stochastic representation to time to any R-radius, which leads to an understanding of the surface gravitons. The spherical surface of radius R can be represented by Einstein gravitons of probability wave length Rl. The number of these gravitons is NR = ME / m(R). Inside the sphere of a radius less than R exist a randomised precession of the Einstein gravitons having an precession frequency determined by v(R)² R = G ME . With this most satisfactory explanation of the behaviour of Einstein gravitons in the phase space of time, one has also a better understanding of Newton’s law of anti-gravity. One last point should be made to make the translation of Newton’s law complete. Because of the expansion of 3D-space, the flux energy to time should be assessed, which appears as a divergence of 3D-space or a contraction of a class of centred nested spherical surfaces with respect to its centre of gravity. The divergence of the surfaces is a consequence of the simultaneous condition. It appears to our observation as static, not moving, being at the centre of gravity. However Einstein’s gravitons can be counted for each surface of radius R, which also gives the escape velocity (absorption) for the gravitons at R. The product of this velocity, their mass and the number of gravitons at R is the momentum stream of the flux to time, which disappears from our observation at the matter radius R. The gravitons are imaginary, so is the flux to time. At all the other radii the gravitons have the calculated kinetic energy according to Newton’s gravity law. So one applies this law to the imaginary gravitons to find out their behaviour at any radius. NR = ME / mR the number of Einstein gravitons. With Neq = ME / mH the number of Einstein gravitons. With Thus Req² / R² = RH / Rl = Neq / NR = (Neq / Nm) (mR / mm) Where NR = ME / mR & Nm = ME / mm and for the matter is valid the mediating mass relation 2 mm Mm = mpl² The velocity for each of these radii can also be calculated. It looks trivial, but it is not from the point of view of the representation of stochastic precession, which has the outcome of the opposite for anti-matter with respect to normal matter. Obviously considering conjugated matter and conjugated anti-matter, for there is only one degree of freedom in the stochastic precession; clock wise or anti-clockwise, it works cross wise for the precession with respect to normal matter and anti-matter. This gives us straight way some insight in the properties of the conjugated gravity maintained and generated in the super massive black mirrors. The resolution may also be better understood by studying the game of the double rotating vectors carefully. The hypothesis for the pyramid theory is that conjugated gravity as an imaginary or immaterial field of gravity exists in equal magnitude around normal matter, which is the reason why it can be manipulated. In conclusion considering the four kinds of matter of which one half is predicted, one has the impression that there is not much room left for any exotic dark matter hypothesis. The last cannot exist in the pyramid theory, which has as additional reason that it is a theory of resonance in the phase space of time for the rest mass. A theory of resonance allows a number of degrees of freedom, but excludes all other possibilities. Note also that the remark about the validity of the scaling of event horizons for Einstein’s gravitons in the hindsight review. top
THE SUNWHEEL DRIVE OF THE STARS The analysis of the all important question, if Einstein’s gravitons rotate empty space really or that the precession of the quanta is a consequence of quantum mechanics determined by stochastic precession of quanta of in 3D-space. The distribution of Einstein’s gravitons in the interior of a virtual event horizon for normal matter, clearly explains a stochastic representation for the quantum precession. At the event horizon all linear gravitons have a mirrored mass mE belonging to the overall mass ME laid down in the mirror mass expression for empty space, which is the quantum mechanic mass cell of empty space, the Planck mass. Thus 2ME mE = mpl² . The Planck mass is made up from the field constants of empty space, G is the universal constant of gravity for absolute 3D-space and h is the uncertainty constant and related to the chaos generator for gravity into time, where c is the velocity of light. The exterior condition for the event horizon of the universe follows the same pattern as the interior condition of Newton’s law of gravity. Again the mirror mass relation is valid 2mH Mtot = mpl² . Where mH is the mass of Einstein’s graviton for Hubble’s distance in relation to the overall mass the universe. So the conclusion should be that empty space expanding beyond a virtual equilibrium radius ( in early time the real radius of the universe was much smaller) is not really rotating, but subjected to randomized precession in quantum mechanic tunnelling to time. It should follow the procedure with pro and cons described in the translation of Newton’s law into Einstein’s gravitons . In many ways this representation of the stochastic precession of empty space for the expansion of our cosmos is satisfactory. So there is no doubt whatever any more that the previous conclusion was wrong!! Empty space has no preferential rotation during expansion. This leaves the question as how is the characteristic property of Einstein’s gravitons expressed in nature? It must be possible that some effect of the precession shows up in the different processes of matter. In fact it is strange to realize that from the point of view of the here described quantum gravity, no interaction of the precession can be expected, apart from the ½√3 –factor , which comes from the energy balance between GRT and Newton’s scaling exercise of gravitons. However in remembering Denaerde’s statement about the sunwheel drive or the reaction free space drive of gravitons used by the other intelligent races, there is a process to think about, which is mentioned already in the older literature of the pyramid model (see down load). Did no atomic transmutation exist then the effect of stochastic precession could never have been observed. Due to the transmutation of hydrogen by fusion in the stars and all other merging processes of atoms, the apparent rotation of the stars without an initial angular momentum could not be explained. From the standard Newton mechanics it is well known that matter systems can not start to rotate first without applying external angular momentum. This is also valid for any condition in which GRT is applied, but apparently during the chaotic precession of gravitons linked to matter, any loss of inertia generates a preferential rotation or spin in the overall matter. So fusion burning generates a loss of inertia with respect to their original atoms. The access of energy is produced in heat or electro magnetic radiation, but it is not conserved in rest mass or inertia. This process is called sunwheel drive or the continuous increase of the spinning of the stars. Like the effects of Hubble’s constant of acceleration are hidden for a long time in astronomical observation, the effects of the sunwheel drive are not obvious. The only question left is how the preferential rotation in stars evolves, if none was there. However one can not exclude the exercised rotation of the galaxies and also the strong gravity curvature of space is not considered: The question of the preferential direction of the axis of rotation is left to those having an interest in this topic. A number of other topics are not treated yet. The translation of GRT into Einstein’s gravitons that become relativistic and curve 3D-space by truncation in time and space dimensions, is highly interesting, especially from the point of view of the spherical symmetry determined by the simultaneous condition of the gravitons and naturally, the evolution of the stochastic precession of gravitons in strong gravity environment is a nice topic for the promotion of student in theoretical physics. And do not forget the spin of the strong gravity sources, but most interesting from the point of view of the strong gravity forces is the evolution of rest mass which is kept in equilibrium to 3D-infinity.
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